Hips & Elbows

Why Hip and Elbow Testing Matters in Breeding

Conditions such as hip dysplasia and elbow dysplasia are heritable, meaning they can be passed from parents to their offspring.

Even dogs that appear outwardly sound can carry underlying joint issues, which may only become apparent later in life—or be passed on to the next generation.

By testing breeding dogs, you can:

Reduce the risk of joint disease in puppies
Make informed, evidence-based breeding decisions
Improve overall soundness and mobility within the breed
Avoid unknowingly breeding from dogs with poor joint structure

Without testing, these conditions can persist silently and become more widespread.

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When Should Dogs Be Tested?

Dogs should be screened before they are used for breeding, typically:

From 12 months of age onwards
Once the dog has fully matured physically

Testing too early may not give an accurate representation of joint health, while breeding without testing carries unnecessary risk.

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How Testing Is Carried Out

In the UK, hip and elbow testing is conducted through the British Veterinary Association / The Kennel Club schemes.

Dogs are x-rayed under veterinary supervision
Images are assessed by specialist scorers
Each dog receives an official score or grade

These results provide an objective measure of joint quality.

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Using Scores to Make Breeding Decisions

Scores

Each hip and elbow is scored individually and combined into a total score:

Lower scores indicate better joint conformation
Scores should be compared against the breed average

Breeding guidance:

Aim to use dogs with scores at or below the breed average
Avoid breeding from dogs with significantly high scores

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The Bigger Picture in Breeding

Hip and elbow scores should never be looked at in isolation. Responsible breeding considers:

Overall health testing results
Temperament and breed type
Longevity and family history
Compatibility between sire and dam

A balanced approach helps maintain both health and true breed characteristics.

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Summary

Hip and elbow testing is an essential part of selecting dogs for breeding. By using tested dogs with appropriate scores, breeders can significantly reduce the risk of joint disease and help ensure that future generations of mastiffs are sound, strong, and able to live active, healthy lives.